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Introducción: Los ecosistemas de agua dulce son unos de los más amenazados a nivel global, incluyendo su ictiofauna. Para comprender los factores que afectan la composición y distribución de las comunidades de peces en los ríos, es importante incluir diferentes escalas de evaluación. En el río Garagoa convergen gradientes de origen natural y antrópico, condición ideal para el estudio del impacto de variables de múltiples escalas sobre la ictiofauna de agua dulce. Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de variables a escala local (oxígeno disuelto, pH, conductividad, temperatura, dureza, morfometría del canal, velocidad del agua, caudal y el índice de calidad de la vegetación de ribera QBR-And) y de paisaje (usos del suelo, características geomorfológicas y bioclimáticas) sobre las comunidades de peces de la cuenca del río Garagoa, a través del análisis de la diversidad beta particionada en los fenómenos de remplazamiento y anidamiento. Métodos: el muestreo se realizó en 36 transectos de 100 m, entre febrero y julio de 2021, en cada uno se realizó la recolecta utilizando electropesca y redes de arrastre y se registraron características fisicoquímicas y morfológicas del tramo. Utilizando información secundaria se obtuvo información de usos del suelo, características geomorfológicas y bioclimáticas. Se calculó la diversidad beta y se analizó la influencia de las variables locales y de paisaje sobre este componente, utilizando Análisis de Componentes Principales PCA y Análisis de Redundancia Basados en Distancias dbRDA. Resultados: Se registraron 22 especies de 10 familias y cinco órdenes. La disimilitud en la composición de especies fue alta (93 %), explicada en un 81 % por el reemplazamiento de especies. Estos fenómenos se relacionaron con variables locales, usos del suelo, características geomorfológicas y bioclimáticas. Conclusiones: La composición de especies en la cuenca del río Garagoa se encuentra distribuida según el gradiente de elevación y se ve afectada por un conjunto de variables a escala local y de paisaje que incluyen características naturales y condiciones generadas por actividades humanas, las más relevantes son las características fisicoquímicas del agua, morfología del canal, calidad de la vegetación de la ribera, características del relieve, así como, la distribución de áreas con coberturas naturales y áreas intervenidas por procesos agrícolas, ganaderos, mineros o urbanos.
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