Palabras clave
physical fitness
motor coordination
mental health
child development ejercicio
aptitud física
coordinación motora
salud mental
desarrollo en la niñez exercício
aptidão física
coordenação motora
saúde mental
desenvolvimento na infância
Cómo citar
Resumen
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) está caracterizado por retrasos en el desarrollo neurobiológico. La actividad física (AF) puede influir en varios de los mecanismos neurocognitivos que también son afectados por el TDAH; por lo tanto, puede considerarse parte de su tratamiento y manejo. Esta revisión sobre el trastorno resumirá estudios que evaluaron AF, aptitud física y coordinación motora. Fueron incluidos artículos sobre AF en la niñez en el espectro de TDAH. Entre los resultados se encuentran a) estudios transversales: los niños con TDAH presentan niveles de AF más altos que aquellos niños aparentemente saludables. La niñez coincide con oportunidades para participar en juego libre, pero esta ventaja es reducida durante la adolescencia, en la cual la AF es estructurada y menos inclusiva. Durante la adultez, las personas con TDAH están más propensas a ser obesas y a no adoptar las recomendaciones de estilos de vida saludables; b) estudios longitudinales: AF durante etapas tempranas predice la severidad de los síntomas del TDAH en etapas subsecuentes y c) otros estudios: la AF moderada de corta duración brinda beneficios neurocognitivos. Los resultados sobre intervenciones de varias semanas difieren según la variable de interés y el grupo con el cual es comparada la intervención. Las intervenciones de AF que retan las habilidades cognitivas y destrezas de movimientos brindan beneficios a los niños con TDAH. Además, estimulan a niños, niñas y adolescentes a participar en AF estructurada, a cumplir con la recomendación de AF y a incluir AF de corta duración como parte de las rutinas diarias.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2019 Bustamante, E.E., Santiago-Rodriguez, M.E., Ramer, J.D., Balbim, G.M., Mehta, T.G., Frazier, S.L.