Abstract
This article outlines a possible theoretic frame of a new branch on social sciences: Environmental Anthropology. The worldwide accelerated environmental degradation, together with a growing interest to hold back this damage, requires an analysis of particular social spaces. Struggles of rural communities to protect a traditional way of life turns around, not only socio-cultural and political-economical threats. This paper also examines some case studies in order to discuss its contributions to this emerging social science.